Entries tagged 'cat:Computers'

1990s bootloader memories Entry created on 2026-04-17 author:steeph (372) cat:Computers (21) cat:Linux (36) cat:Operating Systems (24) lang:en (254)

When I was growing up I didn't have a menu to select which OS to boot. I had to use fdisk to change the active partition in order to switch from Unix* to DOS or back. (Or switch boot order in the BIOS when they were installed on separate HDDs. But I was rarely so lucky to be allowed on an expensive computer like that.)

When I first tried Linux I was thrilled by the fact that it came with a boot loader that would let you add other OSs. Dual-booting was so easy. Linux (developers) seemed so thoughtful, considering the possibility that you might want to use other OSs alongside it. And MS just blindly overwrote the MBR without even asking.

GRUB (legacy) was a great improvement over LiLo. But nowadays LiLo's simplicity is kind of attractive compared to the >1000 lines of GRUB 2 config that every distro ships nowadays.

Entry created on 2026-04-16 author:steeph (372) cat:Computers (21) cat:Software (53) cat:Thoughts (71) lang:en (254)

IT systems become more complex over generations. There's always something that could be made simpler by adding another abstraction layer. This can not go on indefinitely. But it will probably go on for longer than we all wish it would.

Sorry, this might be a totally stupid and banale thought. But it feels relevant right now and I don't know how to explain my point more concise. Let me know if you think I should. (Of if it's because I don't really have a point.)

When you think back about how computers were used in the 1960s, the 1970s, the 1980s, the people who used them back then really knew their systems, as it's often put. With each generation more people began using computers. So while some were still designing, improving and expanding circuits, others would work on inventing higher-level languages, operating systems. When you think a bit further, the 1990s, microcode became more complex, operating systems started to became more complex, software interfaces between applications were developed. But we still needed people who maintained OS kernels, worked on processor architectures and knew serial and parallel interfaces on a low level.

You can look at any small part of computers and will find that new abstraction layers have formed over time. E.g. Your fan speed controller. I bet you don't even know what processor it is utilising and what it's capable of. Even if you study an open source driver for it, you'll likely just see an imitation of some things a Windows driver is doing. There are probably only a handful of people in the world who really understand that tiny part of your computer.

Let's not get into networking, the internet and the complexity that was added to everything in the last couple of decades.

My point is: We will need people who understand every little thing of these hugely complex systems at least at some point. Otherwise systems will not run smoothly or reliably. In the silly little example of the fan speed controller, if that would not work with newer systems anymore for some reason, documentation would probably be good enough to find a workaround. If it would have to be replaced in future systems, that's also doable, or you can just run fans at full speed all the time. But there are so many other components (I'm mainly thinking of software) that don't just have to work reliably on their own but interact with other, evolving components.

Not every little thing can be maintained continuously with the amount of attention it deserves. Be it the often used example of a small open source software component that 90% of software somehow relies on, maintained by a single person at the risk of, well, anything that might happen to a human. Or a commercial product that's driven to make as much money as possible with next to no work hours. Or end of life of some software that still runs on millions of machines.

These are disruptions in IT that happen right now. With increasing complexity of systems, failures that have not been properly planned for will probably happen more and more often. It's not even unusual today that when a service goes down, the people responsible for keeping it up don't understand what has happened. They have to start a research into the matter; if they have the time or it's deemed important enough. Because there's a gap between the coders, who know the languages, frameworks and tools they're working with, and the system administrators, who know their OS, config, containers with other OSs, their config and somewhat the services that are running. But in between there are frameworks, huge libraries that depend on other libraries you don't even know about, cloud services you have no insight into. The code written, if it's still written by a coder at all, may be compiled into another language that's interpreted, at each layer adding Gigabytes of dependencies you have never read and can't possible stay updated on.

All of those components have bugs. The more we add, the more failures will occur. More projects will be kept hardly alive because they're still needed to delay another failure. Just as you – even as a computer enthusiast – likely don't know what physical signals are needed over your USB port to make it do what it does, people responsible for keeping a service you rely on running don't know how most of the systems work that they are keeping online.

This growing complexity can be seen in almost every field. But I think it is growing especially fast in medical science and IT. Both will have negative effects on our lives. But with medicine it is a side effect of a science that's working to improve and prolong our lives. So it might be worth it. IT does not have that noble goal.

Portable DIY CD Player Entry created on 2025-11-28 author:steeph (372) cat:CD Players (1) cat:CD-ROM (2) cat:Computers (21) cat:DIY (16) cat:Electronics (16) cat:Music (5)

I've had an idea!

What if there was a CD player that you can carry around and that's completely battery powered so you don't have to plug it into anything to use it? You could even use it outside!

Here's my prototype. A DIY portable CD player.

Yes, it has a CD-ROM drive from a desktop computer. I wanted to build a player like that since I was about 16. Back then CD drives still had play buttons and volume controls. But I accidentally killed it by swapping ground and 12 V. When this one fell into my hands this year, I knew what to do.

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Mice I Use For Everyday Things Entry created on 2025-11-21 author:steeph (372) cat:Computers (21) cat:Hardware (16) cat:Mouse (4) lang:en (254)
This entry is referencing the entry 'The Best Computer Mouse I Found'.

I've written about my high standards of demands of a computer mouse before. But those posts have pretty much only talked about what I'm _not_ using and why. In absence of good mice, this is what I am using as pointing devices.

On laptops while travelling: Integrated touch pad or touch screen. This has nothing in common with my dream mouse. But it's there, doesn't need connecting, packing, extra batteries or space on a way too small hotel room table.

Anker A7852M. It's a vertical mouse. I use it mainly for work, for changing my hand position every now and then. It's annoying, falls over multiple times a day and doesn't really help with carpal tunnel syndrom. But it feels very nice.

Vaxee XE-S Wireless. This is a "pro gaming mouse". I'm testing it to see what you get for hundrets of Euros. I was so stupid to go for the S variant because the regular size wasn't available as wireless version. I thought being wireless would be more important than fitting my hand. It's probably not. But it's not smaller than other mice, so whatever. I'm not a gamer. So maybe I can't judge this mouse's qualities properly. But I can judge how well it fulfills the features I'm looking for in a mouse. And it's not all that good. It's reliable in scrolling and clicking. But so is every 20 € mouse when it's new. The plastic case doesn't feel better than a cheap mouse's. The paint rubs off in one spot after only a few months. The clicks sound different and are harder and softer for different mice of the same model, which makes me think the switches aren't really of such high quality. I had to clean them once to make the left one work reliably again. The scrolling wheel pretty good grip actually, but it is very soft, which I dislike. The cable is a good flexible rubber one. So using it with cable isn't a problem. But it's not as good as Razor ones. It's too small and light, I'm probably going to mod it at some point.

Logitech M-S69. My favourite mouse and the one I use most is a classical cheap Logitech ball mouse. The highpoint of standard OEM no-nonsense mice from the late 1990s. The beginning of "two buttons and a wheel but the wheel is actually the third button as well". It was labeled with all sorts of computer manufacturer names and included with ne PCs around and after the millenium change. Mine is branded Fujitsu Siemens. But that doesn't matter. What I like about is the high quality of switches compared to today's mice, the clear tactile (and audible) click when turning the scroll wheel and the slim body. If a mouse has to be too small for my hands, at least I want to be able to move it around with two fingers instead of by resting my hand on it. I think I would prefer the same mouse but with an optical sensor. But the ball isn't a problem, either. Back in the day I used to hate having to clean the mouse so often of deal with it not moving where I want to point. But with the right pad (gray cardboard) it works as well as an oprtical mouse from that time, which is as good as it ever has to.

Old Cherry Keyboard Repair Entry created on 2025-09-14 (edited 2025-11-17) author:steeph (372) cat:Computers (21) cat:Electronics (16) cat:Keyboards (10) cat:Vintage Computing (2)

I found a Cherry G81-1000 in the scrap recently. It's one of those old 101 key models with a metal board and oldish mechanical switched. Model M fans would probably disagree. But it is comparible with an IBM Model M in many ways. Maybe it's becasue Model Ms are still produced that, from what I saw, Cherry G81-1000s are offered for more on eBay. So they do seem to be of interest to other vintage computer fans, not just me.

To test it I first had to replace the cable. I decided for a cheap, black audio cable with two 5-pin DIN plugs. I say audio cable because hat's what it was advertised as. It has no shielding at all. Anyway, just becausew they used proper shielding back then doesn't mean I need it. Because I'm not involved with the computer keyboard fan bubble I had no idea where to find the pinout on ther PCB. Web search engines were of no help. But since a stub of the original cable was still on it, I knew which colour of the original cable goes where. I then checkerd three other (a bit newer) Cherry keybards and found them to use the same colours. I tried the same pinout and it works. I'll attach a diagram just in case anybody needs to do the same thing.

The keybnoard is generally working. But typing does not feel nice and some keys stopped working after a while. From their arrangement it is pretty obvious that one trace on the board must be broken. Here starts the bigger problem. Because of the way the board is constructed, the most of the traces aren't accessible. They are covered by a metal shet from the back and the switches from the front, which are connected to the metal sheet. I know how to repair traces of a keyboard matrix on such a flexible PCB. But if I can't reach them without destroying either be PCB or the switches, that knowledge is not worth anything.

During my research on those old boards I also found out why the switches look so different from MX switches and why they feel so weird. They aren't really mechanical switches, but rather Cherry MY switches, which use indivisual membranes inside. This explains why typing on it feels so bad. I did not find a way to repait the trace, yet. But knowing now that nor cleaning nor using the switches for a while will make them feel better, it does not feel worth putting more time into this.

I initially thought it might be a good idea to design a PCB with a key matrix that replaces the original switch PCB. The new one could be populated with MX switches and thus the entire device updated to an excellent version of itself. But there are free open source PCB designs out there that replace the entire inside of the keyboard. That would be the easier route. And it would upgrade the keyboard to USB at the same time. Although the Atmega used in those could probably be programmed to use a simpler serial interface as well.

It would be nice to continuie here with "So I ordered one of those, done up the keyboard and it's now my favourite one." But I have enough unfinished and unstarted projects already. So no, not right now.

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