Steeph's Web Site

Go To Navigation
Show/Hide Navigation

Entries tagged 'cat:CPUs'

Beautiful Heatsinks

(I can't find many free photos of what I want to show here. Maybe I could buy some.) See the links behind the model names for nice pictures.

Heatsinks are a mostly practical thing. They usually aren't seen, so visual design is not very important. Exceptions are where part of a device's case is acting as a heatsink and devices assembled by enthusiasts who care how their internals look (including devices that show off their components, like open PC builds and PCs with windows in their case). This post in about the latter: heatsinks for PC components for people who care how their coolers look like.

To be frank, this entry is specifically abnout Zalman heatsinks. I don't know much about the company. Apparently they are Korean with a name that sounds so un-asian that I doubt that the beginnings really were in Korea. But I know that they made several CPU coolers that I like visually. A heatsink needs to fulfil the task of transporting heat from a small surface to a larger surface where other mechanisms then may exchange heated melecules with molecules from even farther evay. Heatsinks can store more heat energy if they have a larger mass. They transport the heat quicker if they are made of materials that are good at that sort of thing, like copper. And they are better at exchanging heat with their envirement if their surface area is larger. If a chip needs to be cooled better, what's mostly done is put a larger heatsink onto it (can take in more energy) or blow more air through it (larger/faster fans). It's relatively cheap to just increase the amount of aluminium and/or plastic and call it a cooler. But making the heatsink larger mainly increases the capacity for how much heat energy it can take in from the die quickly, which is good for eneryg bursts, but not for constant heat absorbtion. And blowing more air through it makes the cooler louder. Zalman took a different applroach around 2000 and was very successful with it in the early 2000s, as it appears to me. They used mainly copper for their heatsinks (even just a copper core used to be a sign for a higher value PC heatsinks before) and they drastically increased the surface area. I don't knwo who invented the style or manufacturing principle of copper sheets intertwined with a copper base to form a fan-like (as in paper fan) structure. But Zalman did this with the most sense for beauty and with a target market of enthusiast PC builders. I couldn't afford any of their products at the time. But I was a fan from the moment I saw a Zalman Flower for the first time.

Under the name flower they released a number of very different, round CPU coolers as well as at least one chipset cooler. The name started in the 90s, where it was used for a ciurcular aluminium CPU cooler for socket 370 (Pentium III, Celeron). I like those, too. But they are impossible to find and I'm not aware of anybody making anything similar with that much metal around the fan. In my perception the copper goodness started with the CNPS 3000 series, a passive CPU cooler. Right there we have a unique design that hasn't been matched by any other manufacturer. If I would find one of these and I could buy it for < 30 €, I would get it for a future retro build. It got a makeover with the CNPS 6000 series later for socket A.

The CNPS 5000 is hardly worth mentioning. It follows the design of the Intel Standard LGA 775 coolers, but without the goal of being cheap. The CNPS 7000 series has a layout simialr to the original Flower, round with fins surrounding the fan blades from all sides except the top. Not a new design, but again, now it was available in beautiful and with a lot of copper (optionally, as it usually was from the CNMPS 5000 onwards) fins.

The CNPS 8000 has less roundness and more boringness and shall be skipped here. Now we're already in a time were CPU cooler mounts were designed similar to the way they are today and so some of these coolers are still usable with modern CPUs without making a custom bracket, for some you would need to make your own or adapt a bracket. But it's a realistic undertaking. In the CNPS 9000 series there are two beautiful models. The CNPS 9500 and the CNPS 9900.

Another unique design (as far as I've seen) is the fanless external water cooler Reserator 1, of which several version exits but all are called Reserator 1. CPU coolers aside, most of Zalman's coolers are designed for PC GPUs, understandably. There is one design that I'd like to point out here. And that's the ZM-80. Here are reviews of the ZM-80C and the ZM-80D. I bought an early version of the ZM-80 (without a fan) because it was the best way to passively cool my GPU back then. I'm not a gamer. But I still believed that I could use a powerful graphics card. And those had started to require active cooling. The two giant and massive metal plates of the ZM-80, connected with a heat pipe, made the graphics card an uncommonly large part. It was the first time that I've seen an extension card block its neighbor slot. There are similar coolers. Thermaltake < a href="https://www.techpowerup.com/review/thermaltake-schooner/">took this design to the extreme (although nowadays there are larger GPU heatsinks).

The more time advances, the more boring Zalman's product range becomes.

The Silicon Underground Blog

I don't feel like writing because it feels like work right now. I'm in the transition to a new job. Maybe that's why my brain is fuller than last month. But I resolved to post more regularly here now. So I fall back to a simple trick: I use interesting content that somebody else has created and link to it.

There's this blog about 80s and 90s things, with on of its main focus topics being home and business computers from the 80s up until 1999. It's so interesting to learn more about the tech from back then. Like this article about the AMD Athlon. I loved tinkering with PCs at the time. I loved the Athlon and its successors even more than its predecessors. But reading the article is more than fond tinkering and gaming memories for me because I never knew about the legal surrounding and background of technological developments back then. It was slightly pre my first computer magazine subscription.

The Silicon Underground - David L. Farquhar on technology old and new, computer security, and more

There are a lot of posts about computers and its components, model trains, clothing and fashion, but also other things that should work both as entry points into nostalgic reminiscing and a source for interesting but likely now useless facts.

Fred - Part 2 - The Case Lid And Cooling
This entry is a reply to or continuation of the entry 'Fred - Part 1 - Modding The Quiet Into A Server Rack Case'.

In this entry I'll describe how Fred's components are air cooled.

So, after removing the fan wall and unplugging the two fans in the back of the case there was no active cooling left. That's good for reducing noise, but not enough cooling for the hard drives, the CPU and the SAS controller cards. Since the case is not mounted in a rack and nothing is placed on top of it, I decided to use the space in the case lid to place larger fans.

The CPU

My idea was to replace the CPU cooler with a larger one that just fits into the case and have a fan above it suck out its hot air (also pulling in ait from the RAM modules next to the CPU socket). I fount a heat sink from Scythe called Iori (SCIOR-1000). Mounted on the socket there would be just enough space for a 15 mm fan above it. As it turns out though, the heat sink is large enough to cool the CPU passively and the RAM doesn't need any additional cooling, too. So the fan above it is not even plugged in.

The Extension Cards

Since the HBA and the RAID card that I'm using are designed for servers with a proper airflow, they need at least some additional cooling. Their heat sinks are quite small for the amount of heat they produce. But there was enough room above them to place a fan that sucks the hot ait directly from the extension card area out of the case. I was told these cards usually don't have any problems getting extremely hot. But I rather don't want to have them do their things for hours or days streight without any active cooling. Replacing their heat sinks with larger ones would only be a sufficiant option if there was room for much much larger heat sinks.

The Hard Drives

I don't want to have have hard drives run continuesly without any active cooling, especially when they are sitting in enclosures that don't allow for any aitflow without some amount of pressure. There is just no-where for the heat to go on its own in these tight drawers. I decided for three 140 mm fans that would neatly in a row behind the hard drive compartment and backplane. Since the motherboard isn't that large, there was nothing but a few cables in that area of the case. I've mounted an aluminium bar that I had lying around and tucked two pieces of flat plastic between this bar and the bar that originally held the fan wall at the bottom. That way, the air that is pressed in from above gets directed only into the hard drive compartment where it has no way to escape without passing the hard drives.

Unfortunately the room around the hard drives is so small that quite a lot of air preassure is needed to cool them as much as I wanted to. Running the fans at full speed all the time is hardly enough to keep them at a temperature that I deem acceptable. I tried to increase the cooling effect by sealing all the edges and other tiny spaces where some air could escape without cooling the hard drives. But this didn't lead to a measurable difference. I ended up taking out two of the 16 hard drives to increase the size of the duct. I chose two drives in the centre so that there now is a large surface where the air cools the remaining drives. That lowered the temperatures of the surrounding drives a lot. The temperature of the drives at the edges was of course hardly effected. But those weren't the problem anyway.

I'll probably continue about the rest of the case mod in a followup entry.

File Attachments (12 files)
Making the holes for the fans was easier than I expected_ I marked the borders with a pencil by following the outlines of the actual fans, cut the rough holes with an angle grinder with a cutting disk, then did the finishing with a rotary tool (a not Dremel)_
Making the holes for the fans was easier than I expected. I marked the borders with a pencil by following the outlines of the actual fans, cut the rough holes with an angle grinder with a cutting disk, then did the finishing with a rotary tool (a not Dremel).
I used up several cheap grinding bits for the finishing_ The remaining borders between the fas are only a few millimeters wide_ But the ~2 mm thick steel holds up surprisingly well_ They don't make regular home computer cases from that material_
I used up several cheap grinding bits for the finishing. The remaining borders between the fas are only a few millimeters wide. But the ~2 mm thick steel holds up surprisingly well. They don't make regular home computer cases from that material.
First coat: primer, second coat: matte black, thirdly added sparkly sprinkles_ In the picture I started taping the sides for what comes next_
First coat: primer, second coat: matte black, thirdly added sparkly sprinkles. In the picture I started taping the sides for what comes next.
Then I painted the middle part pink_ After the tape was removed I noticed the paint came off in one spot_ Well, that's how it goes if you don't do it right_ I can just cover this with a sticker_ For now I just added a matte clearcoat_
Then I painted the middle part pink. After the tape was removed I noticed the paint came off in one spot. Well, that's how it goes if you don't do it right. I can just cover this with a sticker. For now I just added a matte clearcoat.
In between cooling systems_ I tested the modded lid as it was in the picture but closed_ It did do something and it was better than the open case with scattered fans in the next picture, but not by much_
In between cooling systems. I tested the modded lid as it was in the picture but closed. It did do something and it was better than the open case with scattered fans in the next picture, but not by much.
That's how it looked for a day while I used the NAS before finishing the new cooling system_ Notice the large space in the middle_ That will be used in the next pictures_
That's how it looked for a day while I used the NAS before finishing the new cooling system. Notice the large space in the middle. That will be used in the next pictures.
This is how the case looked inside now_ (I'll write about the power supply in the next entry_)
This is how the case looked inside now. (I'll write about the power supply in the next entry.)
And from the outside_ The fan on the bottom right cools the RAID card and the HBA_ I don't know if it's cooling it enough because I don't know what the cards/processors are made to withstand_ But they still ran a few years after that picture was taken_ The CPU fan is off because it stays cool enough during a hours-long burn test_
And from the outside. The fan on the bottom right cools the RAID card and the HBA. I don't know if it's cooling it enough because I don't know what the cards/processors are made to withstand. But they still ran a few years after that picture was taken. The CPU fan is off because it stays cool enough during a hours-long burn test.
The cooler mount wasn't made for that socket_ I think it was for an AMD socket_ The bracket was really strong and tight and eventually broke in two_ The CPU lid didn't take any damage though and I simply used a few zipties to hold the cooler in place without much preasure on the CPU_ That still was enough to cool the CPU passively and the machine ran three quarters of a year that way_
The cooler mount wasn't made for that socket. I think it was for an AMD socket. The bracket was really strong and tight and eventually broke in two. The CPU lid didn't take any damage though and I simply used a few zipties to hold the cooler in place without much preasure on the CPU. That still was enough to cool the CPU passively and the machine ran three quarters of a year that way.
Eventually I made my own bracket (not in the picture) and now that is held down by zipties_ It's quite sturdy_
Eventually I made my own bracket (not in the picture) and now that is held down by zipties. It's quite sturdy.
Project Idea And A Little Story: High Power PC Cooled Completely Passively With Heat Pipes And A Large Surface Aluminium Case And My First Online Post Ever

Here is another project idea that I'll probably never realise. It's not really an ingenious idea or a new concept. But there is a reason for why I can't forget about it.

In the very early 2000s, when I started to tinker with PC cases and also made my first steps in web communities, I thought about how I could reduce the noise my computers made without running chips at dangurously hight temperatures or forgoing performance. I've read about heat pipes in some case modding community. And I thought why not take it to the extreme to move heat quickly not just to a larger heat sink than the CPU sockets could safely hold (Motherboards didn't have cooler brackets back then.) but to a heat sink or several heat sinks that cover the majority of the case's surface. When the first commercial CPU coolers with heat pipes came on the market, targetet at computer tinkerers, but still nobody in the community seemed to attempt to make a case with a huge heat sink on the outside of the wall to cool even a 2 GHz Pentium 4 with its 75 Watts TDP passively, I decided to register in a small case modding web forum and present my idea to see what might be wrong with the concept. I was actually younger 20 years ago than I am now and I had never before tried to get myself out there in such a way. I thought it was a rather good idea. But I wasn't sure how much surface and aluminium mass I needed and wether it was realistic to cool a powerful CPU passively that way. Trying to cool a Pentium 4 only passively sounds like a stupid idea after all.

So I created a post on said web forum that I've never read before, presented my idea and asked for opinions. I got a few answers and everybody seemed to think it was a stupid idea. One respondant didn't seem to get my idea but still seemed to think it was stupid. One person seemed rather friendly in comparison and asked if I could explain the idea in more detail. I felt bullied by the negative answers, I felt mocked by being inline quoted (which I don't think I had seen before) and I felt that my ideas were generally worthless since I wasn't one of those hobbyistic experts that actually know stuff and are able to answer questions asked in a web forum. So rather than explaining my idea in more detail as requested, I searched for a way to delete my post, didn't find one and asked in the same thread how I could remove it.

I didn't find the post when i searched for it a few years ago. Like most small web forums it has probably gone offline with nothing or almost nothing in a web archive. But with the experiece that I have today I suspect that I didn't explain my idea very well and the other forum members didn't realise that I was a very insecure child. I also realised many years later that it wasn't a bad idea. I even saw a computer case that implemented the same idea being sold at some point. I don't know if many people bought this. But at least somebody other than me seemed to think it made sense and could even be commercialised. This redeemed my idea in my mind and I started to think about making such a case again. But I don't have the need for high-power CPUs and didn't want to invest money into another project that I wouldn't ever finish once the initial exitement would be over by buying huge heat sinks and heat pipes. So I've added it to that huge imaginary list with projects that I like to would have done but likely wouldn't finish and conclude my decades long considerations and my decision to conclude them by writing this entry.

Done.

Bash script to burn your CPU easily

When making my own CPU cooler or testing some other stuff I sometimes need to create as high of a CPU load as possible. After typing while true; do true; done for the one-too-manyth time I finally decided to create an alias for that. But that didn't feel neat enough. So I made this simple Bash script.


#!/bin/bash

if [ "$#" -ne "1" ]
then
  echo "I need one argument and one argument only: Number of threads to start."
  echo "Hint: You have $(nproc) CPU cores."
  exit 1
fi

if [[ "$1" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]]
then
  n="$1"
else
  echo "Argument needs to be a number: Number of threads to start."
  echo "Hint: You have $(nproc) CPU cores."
  exit 1
fi

trap "pkill -P $$; exit 0" SIGHUP SIGINT SIGTERM

while [ "$n" -gt 1 ]
do
  while true; do true; done &
  n=$((n-1))
done
echo "Started $1 threads to burn your CPU."
pidof -x "$(basename -- $0)"
while true; do true; done

Download

For a simpler script, you can also just use this three-liner without any arguments to stress all CPU cores:


#!/bin/bash
yeah() { while true; do true; done& }
threads=$(nproc)
for i in $(seq 1 $threads); do yeah; done